Share Market (stock market)
Dosto share market ke baare me janane k liye aaj sabhi log utsuk hai. Magar Share market k baare me janane se pahle hume "Investment" aur "investment K Prakar" k baare me janana jaruri hai.
"Investment" kya hai?
Aaj k is mahangai k jamane me har aadmi paisa Kamana chahata hai. isliye wah vividh prakar ka "Vyavsay ya vyapar" Karta hai. yeh "Vyavsay ya Vyapar karne k liye wah Kuch paisa "nivesh" Karta hai aur us paise se aur paisa Kamata hai. kuch log mehnat majduri kar paisa kamate hai aur unhe lagta hai usne jo bhi kamaya hai usme Kuch paisa bache aur bache huye paise se aur paisa mil sake iske liye wah vibhinna prakar ke shceme me "nivesh" karta hai, ise hi "investment" kahate hai.
Jyadatar log bank saving Karte hai, Ya fir property me invest karte hai, ya saving k saath saath Life insurance cover k liye L.I.C. me invest karte hai aur Bharat me jyada se jyada Gold me invest karte hai. Lekin in sabhi me invest Karne se jyada fayda share market me invest Karne se kaise ho sakta ye mai apko niche bataunga.
Share Market Kya hota hai? (What is Share Market)
Humne logo Ko share market ya stock market shabd ka prayog karte huye aksar sunate hai, news channel pe bhi share market chadhane ya girne K baare me sunte hai, lekin share market k baare me bahut Kam log hi janate hai, is karan Kam log hi share market me invest karte hai aur paisa Kamate hai aur jinhe thodi bohot jankari hai wah share market me invest Kare ya na kare isi vichar me rahta hai aur adhe adhure knowledge K saath jo is me utarta hai wah apna paisa kho deta hai.
Share market stock market Ke naam se bhi jana Jata hai. aur alag alag logodwara ise alag alag naam se bhi jaana jata hai. "Share" is english shabd ka hindi me arth hai "hissa (हिस्सा)". Share market ya stock market isi "हिस्सा " ya "share" wale siddhant Par chalta hai.
Bombay Stock Exchange,Mumbai Bharat Ka Sabse bada stock exchange maana jaata hai. iski sthapna 1875 me Bharat K Pahle stock exchange k rup me ki gai thi. Bharat Ka dusra stock exchange "NSE (National stock Exchange) hai aur iski sthapana 1992 me hui thi.
Share- "Share" Ka arth hota hai "हिस्सा " aur share baazar me kisi company K hisse "Share" Kahte hai.
Samjho kisi company ne 1 lakh shares jaari kiye hai aur kisi vyakti ne 40,000 shares Kharide to uski us company me 40% ki hissedari hogi. stock kisi bhi company me vyakti ki hissedari darshata hai aur wah jab chahe tab apne shares dusre vyakti Ko bech sakta hai ya dusre vyakti K shares kharid sakta hai.
Company K shares ya stocks k mulya BSE me darj hota hai. Pure Share market me niyantran(control) banaye rakhne ka kaam "SEBI (Securities and Exchange Board of India)" Karti hai. Hindi me ise "भारतीय प्रतिभुती एवं विनिमय बोर्ड " Kahte hai. SEBI ki manjuri milne K baad hi koi company apna "Initial Public offering" jaari kar sakti hai. Isehi short me "IPO" Kahate hai.
Share Market me company Kab dikhti hai?
Share market me listed hone k liye company ko SEBI K saath likhit rup me kai Prakar K samjhote karne padte hai aur SEBI k sabhi niyamo (rules) Ka palan Karna padta hai. yadi koi company SEBI k niyamo ka palan nhi karti hai to us company ko market se hatane ka adhikar SEBI ko hai.Company dwara di gayi jaankari k aadhar par SEBI us company ka mulyankan karti hai aur is mulyankan k adhar Par mang badhne ya ghatne Par company k shares ki kimto me utar-chadhav hota hai.
company Ko market me listed hone k liye company ki market me hissedari 25 cr se upar honi chahiye, IPO K liye company ki punji 10 Cr. aur FPO k liye 3 cr. honi chahiye. Iske alawa aur bahut se niyamo aur sharto se company ko gujrana padta hai aur kade niyamit ka palan karna padta hai.
Share/stock market me hum kis tarah paisa bana sakte hai?
Stock/share market me hum invest karke paise se paisa bana sakte hai. Lekin yeh kis prakar se kar sakte hai ye hume shares/stocks k prakar k adhar par achhi tarah samajh sakte hai.
Types of shares
Alag alag log shares k alag alag prakar batate hai, lekin shares k mukhya teen prakar niche diye hai.
- Common Shares- common shares wah shares hote hai jise koi bhi vyakti kabhi bhi bech sakta hai aur kabhi bhi khari sakta hai.
- Bonus Shares- jab company ko bada laabh hota hai tab company apne shareholder ko paisa n dekar uske badle kuch shares deti hai, tab un shares ko bonus shares kahte hai.
- Preferred Shares- Jab company ko paise ki jarurat hoti hai tab company market se paisa phutane k liye kuch shares kuch khas logo k liye hi jaati karti hai. Un shares ko "preferred shares" kahte hai.
